Discussion:
RF-IF alignment using crystal calibrators
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Hank
2017-12-14 09:11:31 UTC
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A few days ago we were talking about boatanchor-era test equipment. I
listed two of my most useful signal generators as a Measurements 111-B
Crystal Calibrator and a Bliley 1C Crystal Controlled Oscillator.

Both of these are fairly simple units. The 111-B puts out fixed
frequency signals at 100 Khz, 1 Mhz, and 10 Mhz. It has an RF input
that allows "whistle-stop" detection of external signals, using
headphones. This unit isn't a "service shop" unit, but if you know how
to use it effectively, it is a great help in getting a really good
alignment. There is a schematic at
http://antiqueradios.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=282966

James Millen built a "Secondary Frequency Standard" model 90501, which
is quite similar to the Measurements unit.

The Bliley 1C is quite different. It is a cheap AC-DC unit that uses
separate crystals to generate common IF frequency signals, in addition
to 200 Khz and 1 Mhz signals for general alignment purposes. A full
manual is at:
http://www.bliley.net/XTAL/docs/manuals.html
This manual covers the earlier model 1A, as well as the 1C unit, which
is what I have.

Unlike the Measurements and Millen units, it was sold for service shop
use. All three units have internal audio modulation oscillators, but
the Bliley does not have an internal detector setup.

Used in conjunction with a VFO signal generator like a Precision 200,
you can get very precise alignments and tracking. The big pluses about
the crystal units are that the outputs are rich in harmonics, and that
the frequencies are fixed and repeatable. I got some real mileage out
of the 111-B when I rebuilt an RME-45 receiver. That is a 6-band set
that tunes 540 Khz to 33 Mhz. The first five bands use fixed padder
caps in the oscillator, all of which were shorted. Some attempts had
been made to compensate for this by spreading coil windings, and I had
considerable work to do straightening out that mess. Also, the original
padders were non-standard values, so I could only get "close." Also,
the segmented plates on the tuning capacitor needed to be set straight.
For work like this, a Q-meter and a grid-dip are very useful, but you
have to know how to use them effectively.

The real plus in using crystal signals is that you have signals at every
1 Mhz point on the dial, using the 1 Mhz output on the higher bands.
The 100 Khz. signal is more useful on the lower bands. It took some
work to conjure up the most appropriate caps to use for padding the
various bands. As a generality, the instructions for aligning a
receiver front end specify a low end about 10% up and a high end about
10% down on each band, but with spot-on signals all across each band,
you can get spot-on alignment anywhere, and check the tracking error
across the band.

The RME-45 has a crystal filter, which means that the IF's have to be
tuned to that crystal. That does require a VFO signal generator
adjusted to the filter crystal's peak. For sets that do not have a
crystal filter, like a Hallicrafters S-40, you can raise or lower the
IF frequency to improve tracking.

Hank
Frank
2017-12-19 16:41:09 UTC
Permalink
Post by Hank
The Bliley 1C is quite different. It is a cheap AC-DC unit that uses
separate crystals to generate common IF frequency signals, in addition
to 200 Khz and 1 Mhz signals for general alignment purposes.
I have something similar. A Monitor Crystaliner 201. It has useful IF
outputs like 262, 455, 460 and RF outputs like 600 kc, 1000 and 1400 kc.
There's a couple other frequencies I don't recall off the top of my
head. It also has an audio output/modulator of 400 cps. All generated
by the difference between a fixed crystal controlled master oscillator
and an oscillator controlled by crystals on a rotary switch. The audio
is generated by the difference between the master oscillator and another
crystal controlled oscillator 400 cps below.

6J5s are the active elements for the 3 oscillators. It also uses a 6J5
for the rectifier. It looks like it was originally a hot chassis but one
of the previous owners put in a transformer with 6.3V and 110V windings.
It was done very neatly.

All I had to do to get it working well is replace a small number of
caps. The frequencies are correct within a few cycles per second.

It's pretty cool, but I haven't used it much since I recapped it. I
imagine the Crystaliner would be perfect for a shop that did alot of
broadcast band radio alignments back in the day. Want 455kc -- 600kc --
1400kc? It's right there with a quick twist of the knob. No
bandswitching, no interpolating, no squinting. It's exact.

But mostly I use a Hickock 288X and a frequency counter on the variable
output. The Hickock has a crystal controlled output at 100 kc or 1 Mc.
It does AM and FM. The audio oscillator can cover the entire audio
range. Sadly, the audio oscillator can't modulate the RF output, which
is limited to 60 or 400 cps modulation. Still, there's alot of
flexibility with the 288X and the counter, at the cost of extra knob
twiddling.

But it IS kinda fun/frustrating to see how the radio tracks compared to a
crystal controlled oscillator.
Hank
2017-12-23 08:34:08 UTC
Permalink
Post by Frank
Post by Hank
The Bliley 1C is quite different. It is a cheap AC-DC unit that uses
separate crystals to generate common IF frequency signals, in addition
to 200 Khz and 1 Mhz signals for general alignment purposes.
I have something similar. A Monitor Crystaliner 201. It has useful IF
outputs like 262, 455, 460 and RF outputs like 600 kc, 1000 and 1400 kc.
There's a couple other frequencies I don't recall off the top of my
head. It also has an audio output/modulator of 400 cps. All generated
by the difference between a fixed crystal controlled master oscillator
and an oscillator controlled by crystals on a rotary switch. The audio
is generated by the difference between the master oscillator and another
crystal controlled oscillator 400 cps below.
6J5s are the active elements for the 3 oscillators. It also uses a 6J5
for the rectifier. It looks like it was originally a hot chassis but one
of the previous owners put in a transformer with 6.3V and 110V windings.
It was done very neatly.
All I had to do to get it working well is replace a small number of
caps. The frequencies are correct within a few cycles per second.
It's pretty cool, but I haven't used it much since I recapped it. I
imagine the Crystaliner would be perfect for a shop that did alot of
broadcast band radio alignments back in the day. Want 455kc -- 600kc --
1400kc? It's right there with a quick twist of the knob. No
bandswitching, no interpolating, no squinting. It's exact.
But mostly I use a Hickock 288X and a frequency counter on the variable
output. The Hickock has a crystal controlled output at 100 kc or 1 Mc.
It does AM and FM. The audio oscillator can cover the entire audio
range. Sadly, the audio oscillator can't modulate the RF output, which
is limited to 60 or 400 cps modulation. Still, there's alot of
flexibility with the 288X and the counter, at the cost of extra knob
twiddling.
But it IS kinda fun/frustrating to see how the radio tracks compared to a
crystal controlled oscillator.
Interesting that you have a 288X. I picked up one of those at a hamfest
back in the '80's and refurbished it. I didn't have a schematic, and
someone had butchered it somewhat, so I had to draw out a schematic and
fill in the blanks, which was not too hard to do, as the circuits are
all textbook circuits. I did later find a schematic and was surprised
to see that my refurbish matched the published schematic pretty well.
It's a good unit, and the internal crystal is a big plus. Also, the
calibrated output.

The Bliley 1C has separate crystals for each frequency: 175, 200, 262,
370, 455, 465, 1000 KC, and an external crystal socket and position.
The chassis is not "hot," but was originally isolated from AC through
0.1 mike caps. I did rewire it with a 3-wire cord, but would like to
add a transformer for AC isolation. Problem is a lack of real estate on
the chassis for mounting one.

One of my other treasures is a pristine BC-221 that has a very nice AC
power supply in the battery compartment.

I have never bothered with a frequency counter.

Hank

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